{"id":228038,"date":"2011-07-21T11:32:54","date_gmt":"2011-07-21T10:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/172.22.49.24\/?p=19"},"modified":"2011-07-21T11:32:54","modified_gmt":"2011-07-21T10:32:54","slug":"android-et-ssl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/android-et-ssl\/","title":{"rendered":"Android and SSL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis plusieurs mois, nous nous penchons sur les risques ainsi que les pr\u00e9cautions \u00e0 prendre quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation des terminaux mobiles (smartphones et tablettes sous iOs, Android, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry OS, etc.), ainsi que sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des applications sur ces environnements.<\/p>\n<p>Ce travail passe notamment par la d\u00e9clinaison de nos d\u00e9marches et le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;un outillage adapt\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer une application mobile &#8211; y compris en bo\u00eete noire ou via du reverse engineering (que l&rsquo;objet soit le test d&rsquo;intrusion, l&rsquo;audit applicatif, la revue de code ou une analyse d&rsquo;une application suspecte).<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cas particulier de l&rsquo;analyse dynamique d&rsquo;une application Android, notre d\u00e9marche fut, dans un premier temps, d&rsquo;utiliser un \u00e9mulateur passant par un proxy local (<em>ZAP<\/em>,<em>\u00a0Burp<\/em>,<em>\u00a0WebScarab<\/em>\u00a0ou autre), de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que nous pourrions le faire pour un test d&rsquo;intrusion web classique.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/assets_c\/2011\/07\/proxy-thumb-970x560-307.png\" alt=\"proxy.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nous nous sommes rapidement heurt\u00e9s \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me de coupure SSL, Android ne reconnaissant pas le certificat du proxy.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Les applications Android rencontrant des exceptions de ce type consid\u00e8rent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral que l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet est indisponible ou quittent purement et simplement.<\/p>\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation de Google poss\u00e8de pourtant un magasin de certificats interne lui permettant d&rsquo;accepter les connections SSL venant de sources\u00a0\u00a0fiables (<em>\/system\/etc\/security\/cacerts.bks<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Nous avons donc tent\u00e9 de l&rsquo;extraire, d&rsquo;y ins\u00e9rer le certificat racine de notre proxy, ce qui en th\u00e9orie, aurait pu nous permettre d&rsquo;observer les flux HTTPS. N\u00e9anmoins, le syst\u00e8me a besoin de red\u00e9marrer pour prendre en compte le nouveau certificat, mais Android dispose d&rsquo;un m\u00e9canisme de gestion de l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de son magasin et supprime les certificats ajout\u00e9s manuellement \u00e0 chaque d\u00e9marrage, la man\u0153uvre se r\u00e9v\u00e9lant donc inefficace.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Au cours de nos recherches, McAfee a alors publi\u00e9 un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/secure.mcafee.com\/us\/resources\/white-papers\/wp-defeating-ssl-cert-validation.pdf\">white-paper<\/a>\u00a0d\u00e9crivant comment contourner la v\u00e9rification des certificats lors des communications SSL sous Android\u00a0!<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/blog\/#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Les connections HTTPS dans l&rsquo;API Android s&rsquo;effectuent habituellement en instanciant un des objets suivant\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient\u00a0<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><em>javax.net\u00a0.ssl.HttpsUrlConnection\u00a0<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><em>android.webkit.Webview<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Deux m\u00e9thodes sont alors propos\u00e9es\u00a0pour contourner l&rsquo;\u00e9tape de validation des certificats :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On dispose des sources\u00a0: on ins\u00e8re manuellement du code Java permettant le contournement de la v\u00e9rification de validit\u00e9 des certificats\u00a0;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>On ne dispose pas des sources, auquel cas il faut d\u00e9sassembler l&rsquo;application et y ins\u00e9rer le m\u00eame code avant de recompiler l&rsquo;application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Quelque soit la m\u00e9thode utilis\u00e9e, nous obtenons une version \u00ab\u00a0patch\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb de l&rsquo;application ne v\u00e9rifiant plus la validit\u00e9 des certificats SSL.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9savantage majeur r\u00e9side dans le fait de devoir faire ces manipulations manuellement, potentiellement pour chaque application test\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>N&rsquo;\u00e9tant pas assur\u00e9 de disposer du code source des applications \u00e0 analyser, nous avons donc opt\u00e9 pour la modification du code apr\u00e8s d\u00e9compilation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/android-apktool\/\">Apktool<\/a><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/blog\/#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0est utilis\u00e9 pour les op\u00e9rations de d\u00e9compilation et de recompilation de l&rsquo;application, et le code propos\u00e9 par McAfee est ins\u00e9r\u00e9 dans le code de l&rsquo;application.<\/p>\n<p>Nous avons donc \u00e9crit un script python \u00ab intrinsec-android-ssl-patch \u00bb (<a href=\"https:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/intrinsec-android-ssl-patch\/\">intrinsec-android-ssl-patch @ googlecode<\/a>), qui se charge d&rsquo;automatiser les actions suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u00e9compilation de l&rsquo;application\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Insertion des fichiers d\u00e9compil\u00e9s permettant le contournement de la v\u00e9rification au sein de l&rsquo;application\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Recherche des appels initiant des connections HTTPS et insertion du code de contournement\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Recompilation de l&rsquo;application\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9insertion des ressources de l&rsquo;application originale (images, layouts, etc.), qui peuvent p\u00e2tir des op\u00e9rations de d\u00e9compilation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/assets_c\/2011\/07\/script-thumb-895x475-308.png\" alt=\"script.png\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Il ne reste plus alors qu&rsquo;\u00e0 signer l&rsquo;application, l&rsquo;installer dans l&rsquo;\u00e9mulateur Android et intercepter les requ\u00eates HTTPS avec notre proxy :<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/assets_c\/2011\/07\/burp-thumb-786x674-309.png\" alt=\"burp.png\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Cet outil permet d&rsquo;automatiser le contournement de la v\u00e9rification des certificats SSL lors des \u00e9changes HTTPS dans les applications Android.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;observation, l&rsquo;interception et le rejeu des requ\u00eates \u00e9mises \u00e9tant les actions majeures de l&rsquo;analyse applicative, l&rsquo;utilisation de cet outil sur les applications \u00e0 tester devrait permettre la r\u00e9alisation de tests complets.<\/p>\n<p>N&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter si vous avez des commentaires ou souhaitez discuter de ce sujet\u00a0!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Merci \u00e0 Marc Lebrun pour son travail de recherches et le d\u00e9veloppement du script !<\/p>\n<div><br clear=\"all\" \/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/blog\/#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/secure.mcafee.com\/us\/resources\/white-papers\/wp-defeating-ssl-cert-validation.pdf\">https:\/\/secure.mcafee.com\/us\/resources\/white-papers\/wp-defeating-ssl-cert-validation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/fr\/blog\/#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/android-apktool\/\">http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/android-apktool\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis plusieurs mois, nous nous penchons sur les risques ainsi que les pr\u00e9cautions \u00e0 prendre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[67,68,69],"class_list":["post-228038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evaluation-securite","tag-android","tag-outils","tag-ssl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Android et SSL - INTRINSEC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/android-et-ssl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Android et SSL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Depuis plusieurs mois, nous nous penchons sur les risques ainsi que les pr\u00e9cautions \u00e0 prendre [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/android-et-ssl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"INTRINSEC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-07-21T10:32:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Cyrille BARTHELEMY\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Intrinsec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Intrinsec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Cyrille BARTHELEMY\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Cyrille BARTHELEMY\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4d0993f0e377e77d13e97f623123e109\"},\"headline\":\"Android et SSL\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-21T10:32:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":750,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"keywords\":[\"Android\",\"Outils\",\"SSL\"],\"articleSection\":[\"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 offensive &amp; Audit\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/\",\"name\":\"Android et SSL - INTRINSEC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-21T10:32:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/android-et-ssl\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Android et SSL\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"INTRINSEC\",\"description\":\"Notre m\u00e9tier , Prot\u00e9ger le v\u00f4tre\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"INTRINSEC\",\"alternateName\":\"ISEC\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/libellule.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/libellule.png\",\"width\":1322,\"height\":1322,\"caption\":\"INTRINSEC\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Intrinsec\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fr.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/intrinsec\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UC0trUZAHNZOUbxYnNdecM4A\"],\"description\":\"soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consulting, pure player cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais et europ\u00e9en depuis plus de 30ans, sp\u00e9cialiste dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 offensive & audit (pentest\\\/red team), GRC, et services IMSS comme le SOC, CTI et CERT Intrinsec est qualifi\u00e9 PASSI Elev\u00e9, PRIS Elev\u00e9 et PACS par l'ANSSI\",\"email\":\"contact@intrinsec.com\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4d0993f0e377e77d13e97f623123e109\",\"name\":\"Cyrille BARTHELEMY\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1ea58be7f50cd5a369de3c03eb2ce4d5d8b053ad42ca848d6cc15a39f6dc605e?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1ea58be7f50cd5a369de3c03eb2ce4d5d8b053ad42ca848d6cc15a39f6dc605e?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1ea58be7f50cd5a369de3c03eb2ce4d5d8b053ad42ca848d6cc15a39f6dc605e?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Cyrille BARTHELEMY\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.intrinsec.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/cby\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Android and SSL - INTRINSEC","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/android-et-ssl\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Android et SSL","og_description":"Depuis plusieurs mois, nous nous penchons sur les risques ainsi que les pr\u00e9cautions \u00e0 prendre [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/android-et-ssl\/","og_site_name":"INTRINSEC","article_published_time":"2011-07-21T10:32:54+00:00","author":"Cyrille BARTHELEMY","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Intrinsec","twitter_site":"@Intrinsec","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Cyrille BARTHELEMY","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/"},"author":{"name":"Cyrille BARTHELEMY","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4d0993f0e377e77d13e97f623123e109"},"headline":"Android et SSL","datePublished":"2011-07-21T10:32:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/"},"wordCount":750,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","keywords":["Android","Outils","SSL"],"articleSection":["S\u00e9curit\u00e9 offensive &amp; Audit"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/","url":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/","name":"Android and SSL - INTRINSEC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","datePublished":"2011-07-21T10:32:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#primaryimage","url":"","contentUrl":""},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/android-et-ssl\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Android et SSL"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/","name":"INTRINSEC","description":"Our job is to protect yours.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#organization","name":"INTRINSEC","alternateName":"ISEC","url":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/libellule.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/libellule.png","width":1322,"height":1322,"caption":"INTRINSEC"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/Intrinsec","https:\/\/fr.linkedin.com\/company\/intrinsec","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC0trUZAHNZOUbxYnNdecM4A"],"description":"Intrinsec, a consulting firm and pure-play French and European cybersecurity provider for over 30 years, specializes in offensive security and auditing (penetration testing\/red teams), GRC, and IMSS services such as SOC, CTI, and CERT. Intrinsec is qualified at PASSI High, PRIS High, and PACS levels by ANSSI.","email":"contact@intrinsec.com"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4d0993f0e377e77d13e97f623123e109","name":"Cyrille BARTHELEMY","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ea58be7f50cd5a369de3c03eb2ce4d5d8b053ad42ca848d6cc15a39f6dc605e?s=96&d=retro&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ea58be7f50cd5a369de3c03eb2ce4d5d8b053ad42ca848d6cc15a39f6dc605e?s=96&d=retro&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ea58be7f50cd5a369de3c03eb2ce4d5d8b053ad42ca848d6cc15a39f6dc605e?s=96&d=retro&r=g","caption":"Cyrille BARTHELEMY"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/author\/cby\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228038\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=228038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intrinsec.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}